Beitrag vom 05.11.2019

MO IBRAHIM FOUNDATION

AFRICA’S YOUTH:
JOBS OR MIGRATION?

Demography, economic,prospects and mobility

2019 IBRAHIM FORUM REPORT

In 2017, migrants represented only 3.4% of the global population, a marginal increase from 2.9% in 1990

There were 36.3 million African migrants in 2017, amounting to 2.9% of Africa’s population

African migrations represented around 14% of the global migrant population, much less than Asia’s and Europe’s shares (41% and 24%) in 2017

In 2017, the top ten migration flows from Africa accounted for less than the single migration flow from Mexico to the US

Africa itself hosts a growing part of the global migrant population (+67% since 2000)

Rwanda is the third most welcoming country to migrants at world level. Egypt is the least accepting on the continent

More than 70% of sub-Saharan African migrants move within the continent

South Africa receives the largest share of African migrants, followed by CÔte d’Ivoire and Uganda

In 2017, the EU hosted 9 million African migrants, 5 million from North Africa and 4 million from sub-Saharan Africa.

France receives the largest share of African migrants (10.5%), more than any African country

Almost 80% of potential African migrants are driven by the hope for better economic or social prospects

Contemporary African migrants are mostly young, educated and roughly count as many women as men

Migrants spend approximately 85% of their incomes in their destination country

Remittances represented 3.5% of Africa’s 2018 GDP, and more than the net 2017 ODA

The estimated contribution of migrants to local GDPs is estimated at 19% in CÔte d’Ivoire, 13% in Rwanda, and 9% in South Africa

Insecurity is not the major factor for African migrations: in 2017, refugees accounted for only around 20% of African migrants

Almost 90% of African refugees stay within the continent

The total number of African refugees in 2017 (7.4 million) was just slightly above the number of Syrian refugees

Italy, Germany and France altogether host less than 4% of African refugees

Around 60% of Africa’s population is currently less than 25 years old, and more than 1/3 is aged between 15-34

Between 2019 and 2100, Africa’s youth is expected to grow by 181.4%, while Europe’s will shrink by 21.4% and Asia’s by 27.7%

By 2100, Africa’s youth population could be equivalent to twice Europe’s entire population and around 1/2 of the world’s youth will be from Africa

Africa’s youth are better educated, healthier and more connected than previous generations, but are still lagging far behind other regions

Only 1/2 of those who would qualify for lower secondary education in sub-Saharan Africa are enrolled

In Africa, there is a weak link between higher education levels and better job prospects

The average match between education and the skills needed by businesses is worse in Africa than in the rest of world

Almost 16 million young Africans are currently facing unemployment. Youth unemployment is generally higher in urban than in rural areas

In South Africa, the second largest GDP on the continent, 55% of young people are jobless

Hardly any (1%) 15-24 year olds in sub-Saharan Africa participate in vocational education programmes

More than 40.0% of young Africans consider their current living situation to be very or fairly bad

Unemployment is considered by far the most important problem by African youth

In Egypt, Ghana, Morocco, Nigeria and South Africa at least 75% of the youth think that their governments do not care about their needs

The gap between the median age of Africa's population and that of its executive leaders is about 45 years

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